paper, ink, wax

Description of Land Surrendered:

The Cree and Saulteaux Tribes of Indians do hereby cede, release, surrender and yield up to the Government of the Dominion of Canada, for Her Majesty the Queen, all their rights, privileges to the lands included within the following limits:

Commencing at a point on the United States frontier due south of the north-western point of the Moose Mountains; then due north to said point of said mountains; then in a north-easterly course to a point two miles due west of fort Ellice; then in a line parallel with and two miles westward from the Assiniboine River to the mouth of the Shell River; then parallel to the said river and two miles distant therefrom to its source; then in a straight line to a point on the western shore of Lake Winnipegoosis, due west from the most northern extremity of Waterhen Lake; then east to the centre of Lake Winnipegoosis; then northwardly, through the middle of the said lake (including Birch Island), to the mouth of Red Deer River; then westwardly and south-westwardly along and including the said Red Deer River and its lakes, Red Deer and Etoimaini, to the source of its western branch; then in a straight line to the source of the northern branch of the Qu'Appelle; then along and including said stream to the forks near Long Lake; then along and including the valley of the west branch of the Qu'Appelle to the South Saskatchewan; then along and including said river to the mouth of Maple Creek; then southwardly along said creek to a point opposite the western extremity of the Cypress Hills; then due south to the international boundary; then east along said boundary to the place of commencement. Her Majesty thus agreed to several terms and conditions:

1.) Each family of Indians shall receive one square mile of land upon which they shall reside.

2.) Each Chief shall receive $25, a coat and a Queen's silver medal; for each headman, $15 and a coat, and for every other man, woman and child, $12; and for those assembled, some powder, shot, blankets, calicoes, strouds and other articles.

3.) A census shall be undertaken to account for each Indian

4.) Each Chief and Headman shall receive a suit of clothing every three years, as well as treaty powder, shot, ball and twine to the value of $750; and each Chief shall receive a flag

5.) All Indian bands shall receive farming implements, tools, and oxen

6.) A school shall be maintained on all reserves that desire one

7.) No liquor shall be sold or introduced

8.) Indians shall have the right to hunt, trap, and fish throughout the tract surrendered, unless that land is settled upon or in use by Her Majesty's Government.

Witnesses:

W. Osborne Smith, C.M.G. Lt. Col. D.A.G. Commg. Dominion Forces in the North-West

Pascal Brelaud

Edward McKay

Charles Pratt

Pierre Poitras

Baptist David

Pierre Denomme

Joseph McKay

Donald McDonald

A. McDonald

George W. Street

Alfred Codd, M.D. Surgeon Provl. Battn. Infantry

W.M. Herchmer, Captain

C de Couyes, Ensign

Jos. Poitron

M.G. Dickieson, Private Secy. Min. of Interior

Peter Lapierre

Helen H. McLean

Flora Garrioch

John Cotton, Lt. Canadian Artillery

John Allan, Lt. Provl. Battn. Infantry

Crown Signatories:

Alexander Morris, Lt. Gov. North-West-Territories

David Laird, Indian Commissioner

William J. Christie

First Nations Signatories:

Kakiishiway

Pisqua

Kawezauce

Kakeenawup

Kuskeetewmuscoomusqua

Kaneonuskatew

Canahhachapeu

Kiisicawahchuck

Kawacatoose

Kakuwistahaw

Chacachas

Wapiimoosetoosus

Gabriel Cote or Meemay

Date document signed

Canada, Indian Treaties and Surrenders from 1680 to 1890, 2 vols., (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1891), 1: 313-316.

15 September 1874, Treaty No. 4, Library and Archives Canada, Indian Affairs, D-10a, Series A, Volume 1846, Reel T-9939, GAD REF IT 272, http://grasac.org/gks, (heritage item id no. 3249, accessed [date]).

This record was created under the direction of Heidi Bohaker as part of a larger research project funded by an Aboriginal Research Grant titled “Braiding Knowledges: Anishinaabe Heritage in Community Perspective”from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC).