Petition from Village of Mitchikiwotono[*]g re Surrender of Manitoulin Isl. Re Cessation of Presents. Re Treaty of 1836.

Petition from Village of Mitchikiwotono[*]g re Surrender of Manitoulin Isl. Re Cessation of Presents. Re Treaty of 1836.

Petition from Village of Mitchikiwotono[*]g re Surrender of Manitoulin Isl. Re Cessation of Presents. Re Treaty of 1836.

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Introduction

In this highly emotive petition, Bemigonefhkong recites the promises made by the British to his forefathers, and states that all of the promises (largely articulated through metaphors) have been broken. He begins by saying he knows that when the British first asked the Indians to go to war on their behalf, they promised in return that the Indians would possess their land and that the British would "chase anyone who comes near your lake." The British governor said, "Here is the place that will be yours," which according to the cover sheet, is a reference to Manitoulin Island. The speaker also notes that 26 years prior, the governor assured the Indians that the island was theirs, that they should be the "absolute masters" of it. The petition concludes with Bemigonefhkong expressing his polite abhorrence at hearing "the Queen's son" say, to his shock, "We English, we are the masters of the Island of Ottawas; your chiefs have ceded it said he." Bemigonefhkong insists the island has never been ceded and that while his people have reflected on many "fine promises" made to them, they entirely reject the notion of ceding title to the island outright. ; Much in this speech seems to invoke the Covenant Chain and 24 Nations belts. The discourse begins with discussion of a military alliance. One of the metaphors invoked is of the fire that is representative of the British-Indian relationship, and thought to be represented in the Covenant Chain belt by the hexagonal shapes. The vessel itself and its assurance of material wellness appear to connect directly to the 24 Nations Belt, which depicts a vessel as representation of the British, and stood as a physical manifestation of the British promise to provide annual presents. It is also interesting that In this document, the speaker twice refers to the 12 (not 24) Nations to whom the British promises were given. Could it be significant that 24 is twice twelve?

Nation of Maker: None
Nation of Origin

In Document: Ottawas

Place of Origin: Manitoulin Island, ON
Date Made or Date Range: 1862-06-27
Techniques or Format

Ink on paper

Additional Context

Bemigonefhkong articulates the promises the British made his forefathers: That the British redcoats, like the sun, shall provide life and wellness for future Indian generations. The British provide a tree and lay a mat at it, they light a fire to warm the Indians. The British promise supply the Indians, via a British vessel, such that they are never in want of anything. However, the British agents actually responsible for overseeing the welfare of these Indians have deprived the tree of its leaves, estinguished the fire, and destroyed the vessel. There is also talk of two birds which are to be used to communicate between the British nation and the 12 Indian nations.

Description of Writing/Text

People: Bemigonefhkong [the speaker]; I can identify 33 distinct signatures to the petition, but due to the poor quality of the photocopy, they are very difficult to make out]. Of these 33, the ones I can identify are: Nakata Ottawa, Bikwaha[*]d[*], Bebonsang, and Awanegima [which someone has later re-written in non-cursive script]; The Queen's Son

Condition: Much of the signatures page is illegible, but the English translation of textual body is clear.
Reasons for connecting this relative with particular times, materials, styles and uses

Date given in document.

Catalogue, Accession or Reference Number: NAC, RG10, Volume 292, 195659-195682.
Date Relative was First Removed or Collected from its Community Context: 0
GKS Reference Number: 938
How to Cite this Item

NAC, RG10, Volume 292, 195659-195682.

Record Creation Context

Created by Research Assistant Aaron Mills during the first summer of the SSHRC Aboriginal Research Grant 2007 to 2010

Approximate Place of Origin

45.7335, -82.1694