garter pendants

garter pendants

garter pendants

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Introduction

Woven woolen yarn garter pendants with dyed quills, glass beads, copper and tin cones and red dyed animal hair. Collected by Captain Andrew Foster at Michilimackinac or Detroit, 1793-1795.

Nation of Maker: None
Nation of Origin

"Great Lakes Indians"

Date Made or Date Range: 175u/1795
Summary of Source(s) for this Relative

NMAI records from collection acquisition, and physical examination by Cory Willmott and Ann McMullen, July 2007.

Materials

Woolen yarn (two tones of red, pale blue, navy, green, white, and yellow, as well as a blackish brown that is thicker than other colors), quills - teal (faded blue), yellow, dk. Brown (or dyed black), white sz. 8 pony glass beads, black tarnished copperish cones and tin cones; red and blue died hair (of something), metalic thread, linen thread, blue silk tape, white cotton bias tape, black gros grain tape. "Fluffs" - red and black - in with blue hair in tin cones.

Techniques or Format

Fingerwove in variations of arrow stitch with beads woven in bands on both sides. Both ends are bound with linen thread; end with metal wrapped threads is also gathered in same process. On both ends, warp threads are used for further decorative techniques: One end has (about) 9" long fringes wrapped with quills and metalic thread ending in copper cones with red dyed hair. At the other end, warp threads and linen wefts are employed in woven quillwork in which quills are cut into segments and theaded through as if they were beads. Warp threads continue beyond quill weaving into quill wrapped fringes tipped with tin cones with blue dyed hair and "fluffs." Cotton and silk tapes are attached to the back in order to tie to legs

Motifs and Patterns

Zigzags on outer edges of weaving; reverse figure and ground in central motif of weaving - creating effect of alternating "x''s" in blue and pairs of facing cresents in red. These may alternately be described as elongated lozenges. Central motif is flanked by rows of elongated lonzenges.

Other Notes

Manner of wearing: We are not convinced that tape ties are the proper way of wearing these. They may be leg or waist pendants.

Reasons for connecting this relative with particular times, materials, styles and uses

Collected between 1793 and 1795.

Catalogue, Accession or Reference Number: 242006.000
Date of Acquisition by the Institution: 1/1/1968
Who the Institution Acquired the Relative or Heritage Item From: Exchange with NY dealer, George Terasaki
Date Relative was First Removed or Collected from its Community Context: 1793-1795
Collection Narratives and Histories

The items in the Foster Collection were collected by Lieutenant (later Captain) Andrew Foster of the Twenty-fourth Regiment of Foot, while posted at Fort Miami (Detroit) and Michilimackinac, between August 1793 and August 1796, at which time the Regiment was withdrawn to Montreal. During this period Lieutenant Foster was instrumental in surveying and building the British fort on St. Joseph Island, among other duties. The collection remained with the Foster family until 1936, when they donated it to the Wells Museum (Wells, Somerset, UK), which then sold it to a Mr. Robert Abels on an unrecorded date. Some time “recently” prior to August 1966, Abels sold it to George Terasaki, a New York dealer. In 1968, the Museum of the American Indian (George Gustuv Heye’s museum in New York) made an exchange of selected artifacts with Terasaki in order to acquire the, now well-documented, Foster Collection. In 1990, it became part of the holdings of the Smithsonian’s newly established National Museum of the American Indian in Washington along with the rest of the Heye Foundation Collections.

GKS Reference Number: 139
Record Creation Notes/Observations

This record was created on site at NMAI by the GRASAC members listed below. Ann McMullen and Pat Nietfeld of NMAI supported the research onsite. Cory Willmott's research was funded by a grant from the American Philosophical Society. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville provided Cory with an RA, Ceara Horsley, in Fall 2008 to work on GRASAC data entry. (CH)

Approximate Place of Origin

45.7776, -84.7275

Source of Information about Places

Geographical location of Michilimackinac, Fort Miami (Detroit)