animal hide; wood; dye, red and black.

Animal hide has been stretched across the wooden frame. Both sides are painted.

This drum is double-headed, with an image of a manito on one side, with its head radiating light, and an elaborate sun motif on the other.

Collected by G.C. Beltrami from Wisconsin in 1823. Beltrami's collection catalogue states that around 1856, Beltrami's nephew donated several objects to the Civic Library of Bergamo, which were later transferred to the Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali.

The Beltrami Collection was exhibited in Florence in 1929 during the "Prima Esposizione Nazionale di Storia delle Scienze" (First National Exposition of History of Sciences"). In 1973, during a celebration of the Beltrami exhibit, Glauco Luchetti donated three objects from his own collection, which were located in Beltrami's last house in Filottrano, to the "Museo Civico E. Caffi". In 1987 the collection was used in the exhibit entitled "Missisippi 1823. Oggetti indiani raccolti da G. Costantino Beltrami" in the Galleria Lorenzelli in Bergamo. In 1988, this object was in the exhibit "The Spirit Sings", Glenbow Museum, Calgary, Alberta.In 1988 this drum was loaned for the exhibit "The Spirit Sings", Glanbow Museum, Alberta.

Beltrami s collection catalogue. Vigorelli, Gli Oggetti indiani raccolti da G.Costantino Beltrami.

Leonardo Vigorelli, Gli Oggetti indiani raccolti da G.Costantino Beltrami, Civico Museo E. Caffi, Bergamo, 1987.
The Spirit Sings. Artistic traditions of Canada's First peoples. A Catalogue of the Exhibition, Glenbow-Alberta Institute, 1987, p. 60.

This record was created by Emanuela Rossi after a trip, funded by GRASAC, to the Museo Civico E. Caffi in Bergamo, Italy in October 2008.

Researchers present: Emanuela Rossi