The Chiefs and people members of the Ojibwa Nations of Indians to Robert Laird Borden. Undated.

The Chiefs and people members of the Ojibwa Nations of Indians to Robert Laird Borden. Undated.

The Chiefs and people members of the Ojibwa Nations of Indians to Robert Laird Borden. Undated.

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Introduction

The Ojibwa petitioners assert that they have never been conquered, nor have they ever ceded land, and that therefore, other than lands, the transfer of title to which they have conferred upon the English through the Robinson-Huron (7 September 1850) and Robinson-Sault (9 September 1850) Treaties, they retain title to all other lands within the Dominion of Canada "by right of conquest and occupation." The petitioners claim to have conquered the Mohawks. They say at no point were they ever British subjects-even the Articles of Capitulation between the French and English dated 8 September 1760 indicated that Indians were allies, not subjects, and further that the English agreed per these articles that the Indians were to remain unmolested in their lands, if they chose to stay there. ; The main thrust of the letter is that even within the lands ceded per the two Treaties above, the Ojibwa expressly retained rights to hunt, fish, and trap for themselves and their descendants. The petitioners complain that acting pursuant to these rights, their community members have had their resources spoiled or confiscated, or have been fined or imprisoned by Provincial officers. Of great importance, they also cite a passage of the then-existent "game and fish Act of Ontario" which acknowledges there are parts of Ontario for which "(the speakers noted that they were here quoting from that Act) their Claims have not been surrendered or extinguished." The purpose of the petition is to ask the Premier to stop this illegal persecution of Ojibway peoples and to recognize in practice the said Treaty rights which exist at law, and further, for protection as allies of King George V. The petitioners conclude by noting that when the British Crown requested assistance while invaded by the Americans in 1812 and 1814, valuable assistance was indeed rendered. The document contains 11 doodems. Interestingly, there is actually a column in the signatures section of the documents labeled "Totem."

Nation of Maker: None
Nation of Origin

In Document: Ojibwa Nation; Mohawks, a tribe of the Iroquois Nation; Hurons; British; Americans

Place of Origin: Shawanaga, ON
Date Made or Date Range: /1950
Techniques or Format

Ink on paper

Motifs and Patterns

A seal is present, which may be a critical tool in dating this extremely important document. The seal is circular. The image at centre is indiscernible. Capital letters appear around the perimeter of the circle. I believe it says "DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS."

Additional Context

All but one (Antoine Nawkumagabow) of the Chiefs and Councillors signed with a doodem. Each doodem is accompanied by the name of the animal it is said to depict. There are: 1 pike, 2 Beaver, 5 Rain deer, 2 maskelouge (which are fish, perhaps what are commonly known today as muskellenge) and 1 loon. Without exception, the doodems are depicted laterally, face end left-facing and tail end right-facing.

Description of Writing/Text

People: Abetung! Henry K! Chief; Borden! Robert Laird! Esquire / The Honourable! K.[*].M.P.! Premier of the Dominion of Canada; Amherst! Major General; Vaudreuil! Marquis De; King Louis of France! his Most Christian Majesty; Robinson! William Benjamin! the Honorable!; Arthur! Duke of Connaught etc the Governor General of the Dominion of Canada! His Royal Highness; King George V of England and Emperor of India; Jacobs! Wesley C.! Councillor; Burajewoug! James J.! Councillor; Wahsakkung! James! Chief; [S/G]agwatche! Frank! Chief; Petahtegoose! Joseph! Chief; Kagagins! John! Chief; Noganosh! Peter! Chief; Nawkumagabow! Antoine! Councillor; Naganosh! David! Councillor; Misahba! Peter! Chief; Ahsakwasegai! Jacob! Councillor

Reasons for connecting this relative with particular times, materials, styles and uses

Date given in document.

Catalogue, Accession or Reference Number: The Chiefs and people members of the Ojibwa Nations of Indians to Robert Laird Borden, undated, RG 10 (Volume 6743, pages unmarked, but first page indicates two numbers
Date Relative was First Removed or Collected from its Community Context: 0
GKS Reference Number: 1167
How to Cite this Item

The Chiefs and people members of the Ojibwa Nations of Indians to Robert Laird Borden, undated, RG 10 (Volume 6743, pages unmarked, but first page indicates two numbers" 84041" written in ink and "479956" stamped in ink. File 420-8 3.

Record Creation Context

Created by Research Assistant Aaron Mills during the first summer of the SSHRC Aboriginal Research Grant 2007 to 2010

Approximate Place of Origin

45.762, -80.1918